Competition in Glass Bottles

In 1988, Cheng Lianchang, who had worked in the Ministry of Aerospace Industry for more than ten years, received a transfer order from his position as deputy minister to the leading preparatory group of the Ministry of Personnel. The state wants to officially launch the reform of the personnel system, and the establishment of the national civil service system is the top priority of the reform.
Since the 1950s, there have been four main methods for the entry of personnel in state organs: the unified distribution of college and secondary school graduates by the state, the deployment and placement of retired military personnel by the state organization, the systematic recruitment of qualified personnel from society, and the recruitment of personnel from existing cadres and children through "replacement" and "internal recruitment".
Cheng Lianchang referred to these methods as the old model of "recommending, delivering notes, introducing, and transferring". "Whoever wants to enter, he will find someone, and he will recommend." His positions are almost all related accounts, and "the personnel in various departments are extremely chaotic.". The result is that the departments can't recruit the people they want, and those who don't want to are forced into it.
Deng Xiaoping referred to this method of entry as "an untimely personnel system", and "we must be brave in reform.".
In May 1988, the National People's Congress Weibo officially approved the establishment of the National Ministry of Personnel (in 2008, the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Labor and Social Security merged, referred to as the "Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security"). Cheng Lianchang was appointed Executive Vice Minister of the Ministry of Personnel and concurrently head of the leading group for the implementation of the national civil service system. In 1989, the national civil service examination system was piloted in six national departments, including the National Audit Office, the State Administration of Taxation, the National Bureau of Statistics, the Administration of Industry and Commerce, the Environmental Protection Bureau, and the Building Materials Bureau, as well as in two cities, Shenzhen and Harbin. At that time, it was called the "National Staff Recruitment Examination", which is the predecessor of the current national civil service examination. There are both joint recruitment examinations organized by the Ministry of Personnel and individual recruitment examinations organized by various departments.
Some departments have resisted such changes as public recruitment, and Cheng Lianchang's implementation team has felt resistance and needs to weigh them repeatedly. Four years after the pilot project, in August 1993, the State Council promulgated the Provisional Regulations on National Civil Servants, which established that national administrative organs at all levels, from the central to local levels, should establish and implement a civil service system. A year later, the Ministry of Personnel issued the "Provisional Regulations on the Recruitment of National Civil Servants", which established the "mandatory entrance examination" as the recruitment principle, and the national civil servant examination and employment system was officially established. This means that in the future, no matter which level of national administrative organ you enter, you will need to take the exam.